Cloning Animals Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Cloning Animals Essay, Research Paper # 65279 ; The cloning of animate beings will be good to human existences inthe near future. Experiments in cloning animate beings started in theearly nine-teen-fifties. Over the following 40 old ages, scientistswere merely able to clone animate beings from really immature embryologic cells. When these scientists tried to utilize older cells for cloning, theydid non acquire normal consequences. This led many scientists to believethat animate beings could non be cloned from grownup cells. ( Pennisi, 1997 ) However, this all changed in the Summer of 1995 with the birth oftwo lambs, Megan and Morag, at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. The birth of these two lambs led to one of the most astoundingbreakthroughs in scientific history, the birth of a lamb namedDolly. Megan and Morag were two lambs carried to term by a surrogatemother. However, Megan and Morag were non produced by normalbiological methods. Their familial codification came from the cells of anine-day-year old embryo. We will write a custom essay sample on Cloning Animals Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, Megan and Morag were geneticcopies, or ringers of this embryo. The key to this cloning was aprocess called atomic transportation. This procedure requires the usage oftwo cells, the giver cell and the receiver cell. The recipientcell is normally an unfertilised egg. Research workers at the RoslinInstitute used microscopic instruments, like a micro pipette, toextract all of the chromosomes from the receiver cell. Therecipient cell was so fused to the giver cell and placed into thesurrogate female parent. The birth of Megan and Morag was a tremendousbreakthrough because these scientists proved that older cells couldbe genetically reprogrammed to move like cells in an early embryonicstage. ( Wilmut, 1998 ) The research that went into the development of Megan and Morageventually led to the birth of the first mammal cloned from anadult mammal. To carry through this, the research squad at the Roslininstitute used cells removed from a six-year-old Ewe s bag. These cells were so depriv ed of any nutrition, which forced thegenes to go inactive. The research workers did this because theywanted the cell-cycle phase of the receiver to be the same as thedonor s cell-cycle phase. The research workers so performed thenuclear transportation and tried to excite the inactivated cistrons tostart to develop into a new lamb. Merely one out of two-hundred and 77 eggs produced a healthy lamb, which was named Dolly. The difference between the cloning of Megan and Morag and thecloning of Dolly is that Megan and Morag were cloned from a youngcell, while Dolly was cloned from an adult cell. This was thefirst time that an animal had ever been cloned from and adult cell. Thus, proving the theory, that an animal could not be cloned froman adult cell, was wrong. (Pennisi, 1997) The birth of Dolly, which was in February of 1997, has led toincreased research and development into the cloning of animals. OnWednesday, the eighth, the Washington Post printed an article whichstated that Japanese researchers had cloned eight calves from oneadult cow. This achievement is a big improvement over Dollybecause eight calves were born from ten attempts, while Dolly wasthe only successful birth out of two-hundred and seventy-seveneggs. These calves were cloned from cells taken form a cow sovaries and fallopian tubes. The cells that were taken from thefallopian tub es were a kind of cell that had never been used forcloning before. The cloning of these calves is big news becausecows are one of the most commercially important animals. Thecloning of cows will allow for an easier way of expanding the herdsand developing cows to produce more and better milk. (Weiss, 1998) The cloning of animals will be a very important part of ourfuture, especially the animals that we rely on. One way thatcloning animals will be important to us is that only the best ofeach type of animal that we rely on, like cows that produce qualitybeef and milk, would be cloned. Thus reducing the possibility ofdisease carried in these animals, like mad cow disease. A secondway that cloning would be beneficial to us, is that once scientistsfigure out how to add other beneficial characteristics to a donorcell, then animals could be genetically engineered to be resistantto all forms of disease. These animals could also be engineered tobe able to donate organs to humans. In the case of cows, theycould be developed to produce medicines in their milk that would bebeneficial to humans. Researchers at the Roslin institute arealready working on cloning sheep with a gene that would allow thesheep to produce milk that contains a beneficial protein thathemophiliacs use to aid in allowing their blood to clot. (Pennisi,1997)

Cybernetic model

Introduction The term cybernetic describes the recent advancements in information science and the consideration of how the systems work. Cybernetic describes a complex type of information broadcast and the operations associated with the modern computers. The cybernetic models have advanced beyond the simpler models in a variety of ways. They are somewhat more complex and they identify a larger number of variables as compared to the simpler models (Mullen Johnson, 1990).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cybernetic model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How leaders could function in a more cybernetic fashion According to Morrill (2010), a cybernetic leadership is compared to a self regulatory system that routinely regulates the activities it manages (p. 33). Burnbaum uses a thermostat to demonstrate the working of a cybernetic system. Burnbaum explains that the thermostat maintains room temperature by auto matically adjusting its heating system. When this idea translates to organizational leadership, it can be noted that each area of the administration employs a set of what might be termed as regulators in order to control its operations. For example in a case where one of the departments overspends, purchase of more products may be limited until necessary adjustments are done to correct the imbalance. If an admissions office fails to hit its annual enrollment target for students, there might be automatic adjustments to allow more transfers. The cybernetic model promotes independence of the various units within an organization. Adopting the cybernetic fashion would mean that leaders would be able to operate more independently and this would be advantageous in the sense that the imperfect operation of one unit would have minimal impact con the organization has whole (Morrill, 2010). How would the various players in shared governance act differently, if they were behaving in a cyberneti c fashion? Cybernetic design would create an environment in which the discrete organizational units have a proportionate amount of influence. The leaders manage the units as separate cognitive frames elicited by control mechanisms that balance their operations. The integration of a cybernetic fashion would create a form of leadership that only responds to indicators of operational difficulties but with limited capacity to implement new possibilities that could inspire other leaders to take a new direction in response to change. The leaders develop a cognitive insight and wise counsel regarding administrative techniques rather than the leadership process (Morrill, 2010). What are the benefits of moving toward a more cybernetic model? The cybernetic model tends to build on the collective behavior of a set of organizational units and the interaction between the unsophisticated entities. It recognizes that intricate group behavior does not need a function of complex individual behavior. Smith (2004) explains that the cybernetic fashion functions most efficiently with an open systems methodology.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It promotes two-way communication between the organization and its internal as well as external environment, hence facilitates the organizational efforts toward attaining its objectives (p. 243). The approaches adopted by the units are constantly adjusted according to the feedbacks obtained from the public. Another significant benefit of moving towards a more cybernetic model is that it has simpler techniques of controlling and harmonizing internal organizational processes in a more systemic design with respect to delivering particular systemic goals. The cybernetic fashion also simplifies the assessment and examination of the components of a given system or organizational units and makes it easier for individuals and leader s to understand how the entire system operates (Smith, 2004). What are the positive and negative aspects of working more cybernetically? Cybernetic systems make use of computers and sophisticated technological approaches that constantly provide new techniques of computation and information processing. The systems contain a vibrant proportion of intelligence. For example telephone networks, radar systems, programmable disks and communication systems, all reveal the potential to process information and execute particular commands. They utilize self regulating methods that work within predefined limits to perform predefined tasks (Smith, 2004). Another positive aspect is that the cybernetic operation enables establishment of various profitable relationships between units. The various components are able to work as a single unit. The collectivity provides a good platform for creativity and supportive explorations which facilitate developments and enhance organizational capabilities. It also provides a secure base for the emergence and development of constructive ideas that help in handling circumstances from different angles. On the other hand, a typical cybernetic system has three essential elements which include the sensor, comparator and an activator. The sensor is charged with the task of sensing the factors about the environment such as the internal state of the components. The comparator uses the feedback from the sensor determines whether there is a need for change. The activator then responds by activating the change if there is a need. The operation of these three elements may sometimes take longer than expected to realize certain objectives. Negative feedbacks may lead to adaptive behavior and there may be an attempt to sustain the same conditions. Another negative aspect is that the technological progress that accompanies the cybernetic system may be so demanding on the individuals and workers within an organization. It may create an increased demand fo r the managers. For example, apart from the normal managerial activities of the manager, the manager may be expected to type, receive and send emails which may lead to considerable deterioration of the services offered (Morril, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cybernetic model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Morrill, R.L. (2010). Strategic leadership: Integrating strategy and leadership in colleges and universities. Maryland: Rowman Littlefield. pp.32-48. Mullen, B., Johnson, C. (1990). The psychology of consumer behavior. London: Routledge. pp.6-20. Smith, R.D. (2004). Strategic planning for public relations applied psychology series (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp.241-310. This research paper on Cybernetic model was written and submitted by user Kiara Prince to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Labor Relations,Unions and Organization

Labor Relations,Unions and Organization Free Online Research Papers In today’s business market, some of the employees in the workplace either belong to a union organization, or are seeking to organize one, especially in the state of California. In many cases this idea is not the employer list of main concerns. Employees are always looking to obtain the best possible benefit when becomes to work efforts. Employees want to be able to select jobs, negotiate pay, benefits, working hours, and working conditions (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhert, and Wright, 2009). When employees are seeking of all these working conditions terms, and employees believe that are not being hear by the management team, employees will look for other alternatives such as coming together to form, or be part of a union organization. The constant balancing act between the needs of the employee and the goals and needs of the company are a fine line. Each of these should be protected and preserved. The purpose of this paper is to define unions, labor relations, and the impact on organ izations. The paper will then examine the impact of changes in employee relations strategies, policies, and practices on organizational performance. Last, describe if unions are still relevant in the United States. Unions, labor relations, and their impact on the organizations Unions Union is defined as an organization formed to represent its member’s interest, and deals with the employers to achieve these interests (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhert, and Wright, 2009). Some of the union roles is to deal with problems when is a conflict between the employees and the employers. An example of this occurs when employees believe that are not being paid the right amount of money for the job performed, employees believe that they have been exposed to a non-safety working environment, and employees do not have access to enough benefits. When the employees have exposed these concerns to the employer, and the employer’s response is without feedback from the employee, the employees will believe that the staff’s concerns were not given enough consideration from the manager side of view. Therefore, union organizations will step in to assist. Unions will deal with the employer, and try to accommodate the employees concerns within the organization. Labor Relations Labor relations can be defined as relations between company management and staff. Labor relations are also referred to as industrial relations. Personnel or a group of workers are represented by trade unions. Labor relations with unions can take place on a variety of different levels from regional and national to an international stage. The main challenge is the labor relations ability to adapt to changes in the market. Technology develops at a rapid rate as should the relationship between union workers and management. Labor relations is considered the management skills of a union leader who are used on effective ways to minimize expenses on conflicts such as strikes, and work to accomplish a win-win situation for any disagreement (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhert, and Wright, 2009). Strikes can be very cost-effective for the patties involved. Without any lead on a situation like this, the results could be very unsatisfactory. Leaders are seeking for the best solution that will meet the empl oyee’s interests. Impacts on the Organizations Unions and labor relations have caused some negative impacts within the organization. Unions are not cost-effective to the organization. Some organizations try to avoid union organizations in the workplace by providing and meeting employee’s interests. Once a union has started within a company, the union will weave itself into every part of the organization as it pertains to the employee while the mother company has no control over that entity as to where the union ends and the company begin. However, some of these interests are not reachable, and occur when the conflict between employees and employers begins. Changes in employee relations strategies, policies, and organizational performance Some of the impact changes in employee relation strategies are that management will make decisions within the organization with employees who are part of union organizations or are not. The organization’s policies and procedures will be followed the same to accomplish the organization’s goals and objectives. The organizational performance is measured to accomplish the same goals. Companies are concerned about union organization’s activities and how they will affect the performance and impact profit, productivity and stock performance (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhert, and Wright, 2009). â€Å"Are the unions still relevant in the United States?† Unions are still relevant in the United States organizations. This is an every day debate between the workforce and organizations. The workforce is always looking on how to accomplish the best employee’s interest in the workplace, and organizations are always finding how to keep unions off in the workplace. Unions as was mentioned are organizations that deal with employers in any union’s members concerns. Unions help its members on different ways. Unions are responsible for campaigns and elections. These campaigns and elections are performed to support and re-enforce the union organizations. Unions are responsible to negotiate contracts. In these contracts decisions such as: pay structure, job security, work rules, and workplace safety are discussed and negotiated. Employers and employees are part of the terms and are affected by these contracts (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhert, and Wright, 2009). If the contract is violated, or it was a disagreement of terms between the two parties, the unions will form a union strike to fight for the employees rights. An example of this event is at the San Francisco’s California Pacific Medical Center. This hospital had been on strike from union workers for several weeks. This strike was caused by the rejection of the management contract and violations of the guidelines of a settlement. The contract was based on three terms. First, allow third party arbitration to assist employee’s concerns. Second, set up union organization’s rules. Third, establish terms of training and education firms for union members. The strike continued until an agreement between the unions and organization parties were convened by civic leaders as the mediator (Colliver, 2005). Conclusion In conclusion, unions are organizations that seek employee’s interest and concerns in the workplace. Unions are brought to the workplace to develop a labor relation. This will cause an impact to any organization. Unions are still relevant in the United States. Therefore, organizations try to keep out unions in general by providing for the employees needs. The key strategy in providing for the employees needs is to provide clear and open communications between management and staff to be able to address the employees concerns as they arise. References Raymond Andrew Noe, John R. Hollenbeck, Barry Gerhert, Patrick M. Wright. (2009). Trends in Human Resources Management. (3 ed.). The McGraw-Hill Companies Colliver, V. (2005) Hospital Workers set day to strike at St Luke’s. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 25, 2005 from: www.sfgate.com Research Papers on Labor Relations,Unions and OrganizationTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Impact of Telephone Technology on Society Research Paper

Impact of Telephone Technology on Society - Research Paper Example Specifically, the upsurge in 3G connections, sustained by the production of the current data-enabled devices which permit mobile internet connectivity, caused a huge growth in mobile data use. Currently, an examination of the economic influence of this technological transformation has been restricted by data availability. However, Van (2012) used VNI Index data of Cisco for 14 nations to investigate this concern and he found a strong relationship existed between economic growth and mobile data usage per 3G connection. Van also asserts that doubling the use of mobile data causes the GDP per capita to increase by 0.5 percentage points. Although the effects of telephone have fully been realized in developed markets, telephone technology continues to offer strongly assist developing markets. Issa, Isaias & Kommers (2013) who measured the influence of ‘simple’ telephone penetration on Total Factor Productivity of a nation – a parameter of economic productivity which al ways reflects the technological dynamism of an economy – found out that an increase of 10% in telephone penetration upsurges Total Factor Productivity by 4.2% in long run. Telephone technologies add considerably to GDP growth. It is projected that the technology will occasion a 1.8% GDP growth in UK and 24.9% GDP growth in Egypt across 2010-2020. Again, Issa, Isaias & Kommers (2013) claim that the impact will be great in developing nations. They claim that the impact of increasing phone subscriptions, across 10 nations.

Answering Questions 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answering Questions 1 - Research Paper Example Not only are they fundamental to him, but through his shared thoughts, the world is made aware of the effects of imperialism; the misfortune that inferior human races are made to go through against their own will, the slow death that faces innocent civilians who are made to bow to their colonial masters all in the name of political imprisonment and consequent incarceration. This is evident when the author recurs that â€Å"†¦but in reality, I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  critically analyzing this quote brings out the significance of the dying elephant in compiling of Orwell’s thesis. The elephant is used as an eye opener to enlighten the sub divisional police of the plight of the oppressed civilians. All along the officer is being driven by emotions and a subconscious mind which turns him into a puppet of his own self. Whereas he is subtle that the elephant has cooled down its temper, he is unsure of what step to take. He is more concerned with what the natives will have to say behind his back. In addition, the author is unsure of the impression he would create on the faces of the two thousand people behind his back. Though his motive was not to kill the elephant because it will be a big loss to the owner, he is driven by the unconscious thought of being a super hero. The author is more focused on portraying dominance over his subjects and that deters him from taking a second thought on shooting the elephant. That is the same way the colonial masters impose imperialism to unsuspecting police officers by turning them into their puppets. At first the author is content about his job. He fails to realize that he is a puppet being manipulated by the European government. His eyes are misted and his heart is too roughed up to understand the feelings of the Burma’s.

Overview Of The Water Purifier Industry Environmental Sciences Essay

Overview Of The Water Purifier Industry Environmental Sciences Essay Approximately 80% of diseases in India are caused by water borne micro organisms. This is true in rural as well as urban India. However, awareness of health risks linked to unsafe water is still very low among the rural population. The few who treat water resort to boiling or use domestic candle filters. In comparison, the urban Indian is definitely more health conscious and understands the necessity of purifying water before it is fit for consumption. Even so, it is estimated that roughly 7% of urban Indians use non manual water purifiers. More Indians need to become aware of the importance of installing drinking water purifiers. There remains a huge untapped market. Though quite a few city dwellers still boil water, many are switching over to modern domestic water purifiers. Electrical or chemical based home water purification systems are most suitable for urban households because they require little or no manual operation and depending on the technology can eliminate biological contaminants, chemical toxins and excessive salts. The main contaminants are, however, micro organisms. UV purifiers and advanced chemical based systems deal effectively with viruses, giardia and bacteria. This is one of the reasons why UV and resin based purifiers are the most widely used water purifiers in India today. It is estimated that around 80% of urban dwellers do not purify tap water. Many of them are from the lower income strata and cannot afford UV or reverse osmosis water purification systems. They are the potential buyers of economical but effective chemical purifiers. This is the market that Eureka Forbes and Hindustan Unilever are tapping aggressively. Chemical based purifiers, Aquasure and Pureit, together account for 20% of water purifiers sold. Both are becoming increasingly popular because they are effective and affordable. The two brands are reported to be growing at 100 percent per annum. Also, they do not run on electricity and are ideal for locations where power supply is unpredictable. Neither do they demand continuous water supply. Power and water are still scarce even in urban India. It is estimated that roughly two thirds of the existing water purification market belongs to UV water purifiers and one third is shared between reverse osmosis purification systems and chemical purifiers. In the UV purifier segment, Eureka Forbes Aquaguard is the clear market leader with approximately 68% market share. Other brands include Philips Intelligent Water Purifier and Kents UV purifier. The UV purifier market is estimated to be growing at a lower rate than the chemical based segment. Reverse osmosis purifiers, which are rather expensive and not the preferred option in many areas, have a smaller share of the market when compared with UV purifiers and chemical based systems. In the reverse osmosis segment, Eureka Forbes is again the major player with 60% share. A major portion of the remaining 40% belongs to Kent reverse osmosis Systems. That the Indian market has tremendous potential is evident from the fact that global majors such as Philips and Hindustan Lever have stepped in and are looking to increase their share of the market. The three principal players today are Eureka Forbes, Hindustan Lever and Philips. In the years to come, we are likely to see others entering the fray Water purifiers are one of the most used kitchen utilities Available in India. Water Purification and Backpacking is an industry in itself in India. Portable versions of Water Purifiers are available for Camping and Hiking. Water Purification Methods include the mechanized versions as well as the age-old and time-tested Water Purification Tablets. The Water Purification Process includes removing contaminants from the raw water source. Some of the home remedies for Water Purification are boiling or the use of the household charcoal filter. But these do not ensure the required standard of Water Purification thus a proper treatment is mandatory. Thats where the Water Purifiers For Home step in. treatment of water by ozone also provides certain levels of purity. Utilizing the advanced technology and machines, we offer water purifiers, which are widely used for the domestic water purification. It makes the water suitable for drinking and everyday usage like drinking, bathing, cooking and washing etc Features Low maintenance No Chemicals Compact Light Weight Eco Friendly Easy Handling Available 250 Liters per hour 500 Liters per hour 1000 Liters per hour Chapter 2 Various technology used by different water purifier Activated Carbon (AC). Activated carbon (AC) is particles of carbon that have been treated to increase their surface area and increase their ability to adsorb a wide range of contaminants activated carbon is particularly good at adsorbing organic compounds.   We will find two basic kinds of carbon filters Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Solid Block Activated Carbon (SBAC).   Contaminant reduction in AC filters takes place by two processes, physical removal of contaminant particles, blocking any that are too large to pass through the pores (obviously, filters with smaller pores are more effective), and a process called adsorption by which a variety of dissolved contaminants are attracted to and held (adsorbed) on the surface of the carbon particles. The characteristics of the carbon material (particle and pore size, surface area, surface chemistry, density, and hardness) influence the efficiency of adsorption. Reverse Osmosis (RO)- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion in which the molecules are water and the concentration gradient occurs across a semipermeable membrane. The semipermeable membrane allows the passage of water, but not ions (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, Cl-) or larger molecules (e.g., glucose, urea, bacteria). Diffusion and osmosis are thermodynamically favorable and will continue until equilibrium is reached. Osmosis can be slowed, stopped, or even reversed if sufficient pressure is applied to the membrane from the concentrated side of the membrane. Reverse osmosis occurs when the water is moved across the membrane against the concentration gradient, from lower concentration to higher concentration. To illustrate, imagine a semipermeable membrane with fresh water on one side and a concentrated aqueous solution on the other side. If normal osmosis takes place, the fresh water will cross the membrane to dilute the concentrated solution. In reverse osmosis, pressure is exerted on the side with the concentrated solution to force the water molecules across the membrane to the fresh water side. Reverse osmosis is often used in commercial and residential water filtration. It is also one of the methods used to desalinate seawater. Sometimes reverse osmosis is used to purify liquids in which water is an undesirable impurity (e.g., ethanol). For example Kent RO is present in the market Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)- Ultraviolet purification uses a UV light source (lamp) which is enclosed in a protective transparent sleeve (usually quartz). The lamp is mounted such that water passing through a flow chamber is exposed to the UV-C light rays. When harmful microbes are exposed to the UV rays, their nucleic acid absorbs the UV energy, which then scrambles the DNA structure of the organism. The cell is rendered sterile and can no longer reproduce. The cell is now considered dead and is no longer a threat. UV treatment is an excellent choice to eliminate biological contamination from most home drinking water, whether your home is on a municipal water system or untreated private system (well, lake water, etc.). Its sole purpose is to kill harmful biological contaminants, and therefore should always be combined with other forms of filtration (GAC / carbon block, KDF, or reverse osmosis) for reduction of heavy metals, chlorine, VOCs, and other chemical contaminants. Ion Exchange (IEX) -Most popular Ion exchange (IEX) media in POU for heavy metals reduction is ATS or ATC media, zeolite etc. Various IEX resins are often used for industrial processes for specific water use. Ion exchange theory in layman language is simply gaining and loosing atoms (swapping atoms). In drinking water for example soluble lead is a positive ion whilst chlorine is a negative ion (cat ions+, anions-). Most common ion exchange in rural area is Softener. Another popular often called redox technology. is IEX media used in POU is KDF 55 (copper zinc alloy in granule form) for its high chlorine reduction. By simply swapping atoms this metal alloy turns chlorine into harmless chloride. Many POU makers using this alloy claim soluble lead reduction, bacteriostatic proprieties, some go as far as cysts and bacteria removal and a host of other miracles. KDF 55 is widely use for shower and garden filters which are impressively compact and effective de-chlorinator Chapter 3 Water Purifier Companies in India The main Manufacturers of the water purifiers are following Eureka Forbes Philips Kent Usha Brita Jaipan Kenstar Maharaja Whiteline Orpat Zero B . Chapter 4 On the basis of Porter 5 force model we can analysis the water purifier industry Competition in the market Porters 5 force Model for water purifier industry Threat of new Entrants- High Market entry barrier is not high. Brand Identity. Low cost of capital imposes a Low entry barrier. High RD cost. Market Exit Barrier is also not so high. Intensity of Rivalry among existing Competitors- Very High Customer loyalty is very capricious. Entry level Advertisement war in water purifiers. Low profit margins. Perceived lack of differentiation in technologies by customer. Pressure from Substitute product Medium Packaged drinking water. Ground water / Municipal Supplies. Chemical distributed by government to clean water. Boiled water Bargaining power of Suppliers -High Suppliers product is an important input to the buyers business. Number of suppliers are also few. Supplier to buyer ratio. Bargaining power of Buyers-High Customers are price sensitive. Spreading towards rural areas with increased awareness and health Consciousness Chapter 5 Target Customers Water purifier industry is focusing on middle class of the society because this class is educated and enough money to buy the products. Companies have to work less to sell their products to consumers. If company starts focusing on rural area it very difficult to tell them what are the benefits of water purifier. Company have to do lots of effort to sell their products. by this way the sale will be very less. With increasing number of people becoming conscious of the risks of drinking contaminated water, the demand for water purifiers is rising rapidly. In the past few years, Indian water purifier industry has witnessed an exponential growth of 22% CAGR. The water purifier industry sales grew dramatically during 2009 as compared to previous fiscals due to improving demand and expanding production capacity. The industry saw high growth of rate 17% during 2008 due to the increasing awareness for safe drinking water. The UV segment, which constitutes more than 55% of the industry and is a key focus area for water purifier manufacturers, due to the higher margins it offers, is expected to continue its rapid growth. According to Research, Indian Water Purifier industry will continue its growth trajectory and is expected to witness a turnover growth of more than 22% CAGR during the period between 2011 and to 2014. To get high sales in market the companies have to differentiate their products from other products present in market. Lot of advertisement should be done to boost the sale of product. Free samples of water purifier should be installed in some houses to show the efficiency and effectiveness of product. CONCLUSION There are number of water purifiers players are present in the market. There is also huge rise in demand of water purifier in market because increase in awareness of general public. To grab the market, companies need to heavily advertise and make their product differentiate. So that general public can attract toward their product. From Proter 5 force therom, it easier to start company of water purifier. Target customers are the middle class of society. The industry should focus on the middle class of society to increase their sales and revenue.

It’s Time to Toughen the Laws on Teen Drivers :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It’s Time to Toughen the Laws on Teen Drivers      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Turning sixteen years old in teenagers' lives is an exciting event. It allows them to get a drivers license and is a big step towards adulthood.   With this, it gives them freedom and control over something they have never experienced before.   In most cases, people stress about gangs, drugs, and violence in our communities as a big result of teenage deaths, but the leading causes of accidents today are teenage drivers, especially sixteen and seventeen year olds.   Maria Purdy, an author for "Teen Magazine", writes about statistics with young teenage drivers.   She sites that, "To equal the number of youths killed in motor vehicle crashes in 1995, a plane with 520 people on board would have to crash with no survivors once a month for a full year" (online).   Legislators should pass a law changing the drivers licensing age to eighteen instead of sixteen.   By doing this, it could decrease driving problems we face today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In most European Countries, teenagers aren't able to earn a license until they are at least seventeen or eighteen years old.   There have been less fatal crashes among teens in these countries because of this.   Cheryl Tevis who wrote an article in the "Successful Farming" magazine, writes about American teenagers compared to other teenagers around the world.   She states that "American teens drive at an earlier age than those in most countries" (online).   This is not surprising to me since there are some states that have allowed teenagers to drive at age fourteen in some circumstances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For the most part, sixteen and seventeen year olds don't realize the importance and responsibility that comes when getting a drivers license.   They feel it is something to play around with and don't take it seriously.   For instance, immaturity is a cause of being   irresponsible.   Because of this there are many accidents that happen that could have been prevented.   Allan F. Williams, an author for "Public Health Reports" writes about the characteristics all teenagers have in common.   He observes that "Qualities generally associated with immaturity (such as chance taking, testing limits, poor decision-making, overconfidence) are associated with the more risky driving styles characteristic of teenage drivers" (online).   Almost half of the accidents today caused by teenagers were linked to peer pressure and immaturity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Often, in teenagers' lives, they look towards their friends for advice and guidance rather than their teachers, parents, and others.